Revisiting the Great DepressionWhen I first arrived on Wall Street during the early 1980s, some of the old veterans who worked through the 1929 stock market crash were just retiring and passed their stories on to me before they left.
One was my old friend, Sir John Templeton, founder of the Templeton funds, who often hosted me for dinner at his antebellum-style mansion in the Bahamas. John told me he was really excited when hired in ‘29 to handle the surge of brokerage business. After that, things got really boring for a decade.
The downturn we are experiencing now has many similarities to that epic event. In some ways, it's far worse. The 1929 downturn was spread over 34 months. Ours happened almost instantly, in a mere four weeks.
We all know about the Roaring Twenties, with flappers, bathtub gin, and a soaring stock market. Then, individuals could buy on ten to one margin. The high-flying tech stocks of the day, like RCA Radio and General Motors (GM), and Ford (F) soared. From 1921 to 1929, the Dow Average rocketed six-fold. The working class was sucked in.
Industry followed suit, taking the sign of rising stocks as proof of an economic boom. They massively boosted production in all sectors. That meant they went into the Great Depression loaded to the gills with inventory.
The Dow peaked on September 3, 1929 at 381. A slow burn of profit-taking ensued. Suddenly, a cascading waterfall of SELL orders hugely accelerated on “Black Monday” when the Dow plunged by 13%. It was followed by “Black Tuesday” when stocks lost another 13%.
Margin calls triggered a run on the banks as investors tried to withdraw cash to cover margin calls. This spawned a financial crisis where eventually 4,000 banks went under.
By November, the Dow had fallen by 48% to 198. JP Morgan stepped in to stabilize the market, prompting a short-term rally. It was to no avail. The market continued its slide, eventually hitting bottom at 41, or down an astonishing 89% from the top by July 8, 1932. The market then moved sideways in a wide 150-point range until the outbreak of WWII. It didn’t recover its 1929 peak until 1959.
A few years ago, I had lunch with the former governor of the Federal Reserve (click here), who did his PhD dissertation on the causes of the Great Depression. The big mistake the Fed made then was to raise interest rates to damp down stock speculation. They ended up destroying the economy, inadvertently making the depression deeper and longer.
The world has learned a lot about central banking since those dark days. For a start, the theory of Keynesianism has been adopted whereby governments borrow and spend during economic downturns and run balanced budgets or surpluses during good times.
With QE Infinity in progress, the modern Fed won’t be making the same mistake twice. The Fed almost immediately took interest rates down to zero. Our central bank has also responded with monetary stimulus that is a large multiple of what we saw in 2008-09, essentially buying everything that is out there in fixed income land, some $120 billion a month. The money supply, M2, is growing at an unprecedented 26% a year.
The Senate is about to pass a $1.9 trillion bailout bill. Add it all up and the amount of QE outstanding everywhere in the world over the last decade is about to rise by double in the coming months.
It’s important that you don’t use selloffs to resort back to last year’s playbook. Cyclical recovery stocks are the play here, the sectors no one owns that haven’t moved in a decade. Save a return to tech for the future.
My grandfather never participated in the stock boom of the 1920s. When the market crashed, he had to finish his basement in Brooklyn, New York so that several relatives who had lost homes could move in. We lost many equity investors for good in the 2018-09 crash. No doubt we will lose many more in this cycle.
What did grandpa do with his money? He poured it all into real estate, including the land on which the Bellagio Hotel was eventually built, which he picked up in 1945 for $500 an acre. His estate sold it in 1978 for $10 million creating one heck of a family ruckus.
He never bought a stock during his entire life.
  Grandpa on Right
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Exploring my New York RootsWhile in New York waiting to board Cunard’s Queen Mary II to sail for Southampton, England, I decided to check out the Bay Ridge address near the Verrazano Bridge where my father grew up. I took a limo over to Brooklyn and knocked on the front door.
I told the owner about my family history with the property, but I could see from the expression on his face that he didn’t believe a single word. Then I told him about the relatives moving into the basement during the Great Depression.
He immediately let me in and gave me a tour of the house. He told me that he had just purchased the home and had extensively refurbished it. When they tore out the walls in the basement, he discovered that the insulation was composed of crumpled up newspapers from the 1930s, so he knew I was telling the truth.
I told him that grandpa would be glad that the house was still in Italian hands. Could I enquire what he had paid for the house that sold in 1923 for $3,000? He said he bought it as a broken-down fixer-upper for a mere $775,000.
As I passed under the Verrazano Bridge on the Queen Mary II later that day, I contemplated how much smarter grandpa became the older I got.
I hope the same is true with my kids.
Queen Mary II Passing Under the Verrazano Bridge
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