I don't think so since calls are routed to the nearest cellular transmitter and there is a "log on" sequence to validate your phone when you first turn it on.
There is a small removable chip inside the phone which carries a "serial number" which identifies you to your service. This chip can be moved to another phone if you want.
I'm not sure what you're trying to do, but I use the call forwarding feature to forward my work phone to my personal phone so that I don't have to carry both. Somehow, after typing that, I'm not sure that has anything to do with your question.