It ain't no 41 cents.
Franking
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from
Franking privilege)
Jump to:
navigation,
search
<!-- start content --> Franking is also the passing of
franking credits to
shareholders in countries that have
dividend imputation to reduce or eliminate
double taxation of company
profits.
For the town in
Upper Austria, see
Franking, Austria.
An example of a franked mailing
Franking is the marking of
mail by a company or government that offers free or low cost postage privileges, or the convenience of sending
bulk mail without using normal postage stamps. The practice dates back to the seventeenth-century British
House of Commons.
<table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td>
Contents
[hide]
</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script>
[edit] Franking privilege
Franking privilege, typically granted to certain elected officials by a government, is the privilege to send mail for free. A franking privileged person adds his or her signature or a facsimile thereof to the upper right corner of a letter or parcel in lieu of a
postage stamp. Common uses of the franking privilege include replies to
letters sent by constituents, and brief
newsletters intended to keep citizens informed of the privileged member's activities. Elected officials and the postal service are both endowed by the
taxpayer. Adding an official's mail to the existing mailstream does not change the total
fixed cost of the postal system<sup class="noprint Template-Fact">[
citation needed]</sup> for the taxpayer, and avoids reciprocal
accounting transactions. However, it is argued that due to
variable cost the
total cost is increased.
[edit] Governmental franking
In countries where franking is practiced, the privilege has long been considered an important tool for keeping elected officials in touch with their constituents, but its use is also frequently criticized as a way for officials to campaign for reelection and otherwise glorify themselves at the expense of the taxpayer. Officials are usually not given a blanket right to send
mail for free, but instead are subject to oversight and regulation and sometimes must comply with budgetary restrictions and disclosure requirements.
In April 2005 the
Royal Mail in the
United Kingdom introduced discounts to businesses using mail franking, perhaps in recognition of the reduced cost of processing these mailings.<sup id="_ref-royalmail_0" class="reference">
[1]</sup>
In the United States, members of the
Senate and
U.S. House of Representatives, as well as certain congressional officials such as the Superintendent of Documents, are allowed to send franked mail to their
constituents. The 6-member bipartisan
Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards, colloquially known as the
Franking Commission, is responsible for oversight and regulation in the U.S. House of Representatives. Among other things, it has established a firm "Official Mail Allowance" for each Congressman, based proportionally on the number of constituents they serve. In addition, former Presidents and their spouse or widow have franking privileges as well. Presidents who were convicted in the Senate as a result of impeachment proceedings do not have franking privileges after being forced to leave office.
[1]. The sitting
President does not have franking privileges but the
Vice President, who is also
President of the Senate, does.
[2]
In
Canada, the
Governor General, members of the
Canadian Senate, members of the
House of Commons, Clerk of House of Commons, Parliamentary Librarian, Associate Parliamentary Librarian, officers of parliament and Senate Ethics Officer all have franking privilege and mails sent to or from these people are sent free of charge.<sup id="_ref-canadapost_0" class="reference">
[2]</sup>
[edit] History
A limited form of franking originated in the
British Parliament in
1660, with the passage of an act authorizing the formation of the
General Post Office. In the
19th century, as use of the post office increased significantly in Britain, it was expected that anybody with a Parliament connection would get his friends' mail franked.
In the
United States, franking predates the establishment of the republic itself, as the
Continental Congress bestowed the privilege on its members in
1775, and the
First United States Congress enacted a franking law in
1789 during its very first session. Congress members would spend much time "inscribing their names on the upper right-hand corner of official letters and packages" until the 1860s for the purpose of sending out postage free mail. Yet, on January 31, 1873, the Senate abolished "the congressional franking privilege after rejecting a House-passed provision that would have provided special stamps for the free mailing of printed Senate and House documents." Within two years, however, Congress began to make exceptions to this ban, including free mailing of the
Congressional Record,
seeds, and agricultural reports. Finally, in 1891, noting that its members were the only government officials required to pay postage, Congress restored full franking privileges. Since then, the franking of congressional mail has been subject to ongoing review and regulation.
The phrase franking is derived from the Latin word "francus" meaning free. Another use of that term is speaking "frankly", i.e. "freely".
Because
Benjamin Franklin was an early
United States Postmaster General, satirist
Richard Armour referred to free congressional mailings as the "Franklin privilege".
[edit] References