The internal combustion engine was the human race's first attempt at having the ability to produce work or mechanical power. In 1859, even before America's Civil War, European Etienne Lennoir invented a extremly primitive version of a cylinder and a piston. Later Nicolaus Otto in 1876 invented and patented a 4 stoke cycle internal combustion engine that featured an intake stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke and an exhaust stroke. The tranfer of power from the piston via a crankshaft and driveshaft was the enginnering basis for the worlds first automobile. The internal combustion engine was also utilized in agriculture as crude tractos were developed enabling farmers to increase yield and production forever abandoning animal drawn plowing and planting. It was also a pioneer in construction as early bulldozers and dump trucks were now possible building bridges, roads and dams. Later on as America faced a 2nd World War, the internal combustion engine powered tanks, jeep, trucks, and planes on the road to victory. America went from a horse and buggy and steam powered railroad transportation culture pre 1900's to the basic model of the the modern automobile just shortly after 1900 through the internal combustion engine. The increased developments and refinement of the first four stroke internal combustion engine now allowed the human race to build and create on a grand scale and most modern day inventions that still shape our world today can find their origion in the internal combustion engine. . Source: Wikipedia and Popular Mechanics Magazine.